Post-Partition-Period (1947-2022)

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1947: Independence & Early History

  1. Q: On what date did Pakistan become an independent state?
    A: 14 August 1947.
  2. Q: Which two sovereign states emerged after the partition of British India?
    A: Pakistan and India.
  3. Q: Who became the first Governor-General of Pakistan?
    A: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
  4. Q: Who was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan?
    A: Liaquat Ali Khan.
  5. Q: Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as Governor-General from?
    A: 1947–1948.
  6. Q: Liaquat Ali Khan served as Prime Minister from?
    A: 1947–1951.
  7. Q: What was the national motto given by Quaid-e-Azam?
    A: Unity, Faith, and Discipline.
  8. Q: Which act served as Pakistan’s interim constitution after independence?
    A: Government of India Act, 1935 (adapted).
  9. Q: Approximately how many princely states existed in British India in 1947?
    A: 562.

Services of Quaid-e-Azam

  1. Q: Who played the leading role in the creation of Pakistan?
    A: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
  2. Q: What was Quaid-e-Azam’s first official position after independence?
    A: Governor-General.
  3. Q: Which humanitarian crisis did Quaid-e-Azam help manage after independence?
    A: Refugee settlement.
  4. Q: What qualities did Quaid-e-Azam emphasize for civil servants?
    A: Honesty, neutrality, and dedication.
  5. Q: Which social issue did Quaid-e-Azam strongly oppose?
    A: Provincialism.
  6. Q: Which institution did Quaid-e-Azam inaugurate on 1 July 1948?
    A: State Bank of Pakistan.
  7. Q: On what date was the State Bank of Pakistan inaugurated?
    A: 1 July 1948.
  8. Q: What advice did Quaid-e-Azam give to students?
    A: Focus on education and character-building.
  9. Q: Which leadership qualities are associated with Quaid-e-Azam?
    A: Determination, hard work, teamwork, and communication.

Initial Problems of Pakistan

Administrative Problems

  1. Q: What was Pakistan’s biggest administrative problem after independence?
    A: Lack of government offices.
  2. Q: Pakistan had to build its administrative system from?
    A: Scratch.
  3. Q: Which essential office items were in short supply in 1947?
    A: Furniture and stationery.

Social Problems

  1. Q: Approximately how many Muslim refugees migrated to Pakistan after partition?
    A: More than 6.5 million.
  2. Q: What major humanitarian challenge followed partition?
    A: Refugee rehabilitation.
  3. Q: What health problem emerged in refugee camps?
    A: Epidemics.
  4. Q: Which shortages affected refugee camps?
    A: Doctors, hospitals, and medicines.

Political Problems

  1. Q: Which constitutional problem existed after independence?
    A: No permanent constitution.
  2. Q: On which date did Quaid-e-Azam pass away?
    A: 11 September 1948.
  3. Q: When did India stop Pakistan’s canal water supply?
    A: 1 April 1948.
  4. Q: Which early issue created tension between Pakistan and India?
    A: Canal Water Dispute.
  5. Q: What was Pakistan’s major security concern in 1947?
    A: Border defense.

Economic Problems

  1. Q: How much cash was allocated to Pakistan from British India’s assets?
    A: Rs. 750 million (75 crore).
  2. Q: Who supervised the division of the armed forces?
    A: Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck.
  3. Q: What type of military equipment did Pakistan largely receive?
    A: Old and incomplete equipment.
  4. Q: Approximately how many industries did Pakistan inherit?
    A: About 21–34 small industries.
  5. Q: Which major institution was absent in Pakistan at independence?
    A: Organized banking infrastructure.
  6. Q: Which professionals were in critically short supply after independence?
    A: Economists.

Canal Water Dispute

  1. Q: Which international institution mediated the water dispute?
    A: World Bank.
  2. Q: Which treaty resolved the Indus water dispute?
    A: Indus Waters Treaty.
  3. Q: On what date was the Indus Waters Treaty signed?
    A: 19 September 1960.
  4. Q: Which rivers were allocated to India?
    A: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.
  5. Q: Which rivers were allocated to Pakistan?
    A: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab.

Accession of Princely States

  1. Q: Which princely state had about 77% Muslim population?
    A: Jammu & Kashmir.
  2. Q: Who was the ruler of Jammu & Kashmir in 1947?
    A: Maharaja Hari Singh.
  3. Q: Which agreement did Maharaja Hari Singh initially sign with Pakistan?
    A: Standstill Agreement.
  4. Q: Which ruler later acceded Jammu & Kashmir to India?
    A: Maharaja Hari Singh.
  5. Q: Which conflict began after Kashmir’s accession to India?
    A: First Kashmir War (1947–48).
  6. Q: When did the UN ceasefire in Kashmir become effective?
    A: 1 January 1949.
  7. Q: Which princely state acceded to Pakistan on 15 September 1947?
    A: Junagadh.
  8. Q: Who ruled Junagadh at the time of partition?
    A: Nawab Mahabat Khan III.
  9. Q: Approximately how far was Junagadh from Pakistan’s land border?
    A: About 480 km.
  10. Q: Which princely state was ruled by Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan?
    A: Hyderabad (Deccan).
  11. Q: What was the Nizam’s initial objective after partition?
    A: Independence.
  12. Q: On what date did Hyderabad approach the UN Security Council?
    A: 24 August 1948.
  13. Q: Which military operation integrated Hyderabad into India?
    A: Operation Polo.

Radcliffe Award

  1. Q: Who chaired the Boundary Commission of 1947?
    A: Sir Cyril Radcliffe.
  2. Q: Under which plan was the Boundary Commission established?
    A: June 3 Plan (1947).
  3. Q: Which two provinces were divided under the Radcliffe Award?
    A: Punjab and Bengal.

Punjab Boundary Commission

  1. Q: Name one Pakistani member of the Punjab Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice Din Muhammad.
  2. Q: Name another Pakistani member of the Punjab Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice Muhammad Munir.
  3. Q: Name one Indian member of the Punjab Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan.
  4. Q: Name another Indian member of the Punjab Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice Teja Singh.
  5. Q: Which district gave India a land route to Kashmir?
    A: Gurdaspur.
  6. Q: Which city allocated to India became strategically important for Kashmir?
    A: Pathankot.
  7. Q: Name another controversial district awarded to India.
    A: Batala.
  8. Q: Which Punjab district’s allocation remained controversial?
    A: Ferozepur.
  9. Q: Which tehsil awarded to India is often mentioned with Ferozepur?
    A: Zira.

Bengal Boundary Commission

  1. Q: Name one Pakistani member of the Bengal Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice Abu Saleh Akram.
  2. Q: Name another Pakistani member of the Bengal Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice S.A. Rahman.
  3. Q: Name one Indian member of the Bengal Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice C.C. Biswas.
  4. Q: Name another Indian member of the Bengal Boundary Commission.
    A: Justice B.K. Mukherji.
  5. Q: Which major industrial city remained with India after partition?
    A: Calcutta (Kolkata).
  6. Q: Which Muslim-majority district in Bengal became controversial after partition?
    A: Murshidabad.
  7. Q: Which other Bengal district was controversially divided?
    A: Nadia.

Chronological Timeline (Quick Revision)

  • 14 Aug 1947 — Pakistan became independent.
  • 15 Sep 1947 — Junagadh acceded to Pakistan.
  • 1 Apr 1948 — India stopped canal water supply.
  • 1 Jul 1948 — State Bank of Pakistan inaugurated.
  • 24 Aug 1948 — Hyderabad appealed to the UN Security Council.
  • 11 Sep 1948 — Death of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
  • 1 Jan 1949 — UN ceasefire in the First Kashmir War.
  • 19 Sep 1960 — Indus Waters Treaty signed.

1949 – Objectives Resolution

  1. Q: On what date was the Objectives Resolution passed?
    A: 12 March 1949.
  2. Q: Who presented the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly?
    A: Liaquat Ali Khan.
  3. Q: Why was the Objectives Resolution introduced?
    A: Pakistan had no permanent constitution.
  4. Q: Which Act served as Pakistan’s interim constitution before 1956?
    A: Government of India Act, 1935 (Adapted).
  5. Q: Which two ideological groups debated Pakistan’s future in 1949?
    A: Islamists and Secularists.
  6. Q: According to the Objectives Resolution, sovereignty belongs to whom?
    A: Almighty Allah.
  7. Q: What is the authority of the State of Pakistan according to the Resolution?
    A: A sacred trust from Allah.
  8. Q: Which two Islamic sources were declared the basis for Muslim life?
    A: Quran and Sunnah.
  9. Q: Which system of government was proposed for Pakistan?
    A: Federal System.
  10. Q: Which democratic values were guaranteed in the Resolution?
    A: Democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and social justice.
  11. Q: What type of government was promised in the Objectives Resolution?
    A: Representative Government.
  12. Q: Which rights were guaranteed to minorities?
    A: Freedom to practice and develop their religion and culture.
  13. Q: Which fundamental rights were guaranteed?
    A: Equality, freedom of speech, belief, worship, and association.
  14. Q: Which institution was declared independent?
    A: Judiciary.
  15. Q: The Objectives Resolution became the preamble of which constitutions?
    A: 1956, 1962, and 1973 Constitutions.

Democratic & Leadership Crisis (1951–1956)

Governor-Generals

  1. Q: Who was Pakistan’s second Governor-General?
    A: Khawaja Nazimuddin.
  2. Q: Khawaja Nazimuddin served as Governor-General during?
    A: 1948–1951.
  3. Q: Who became Governor-General after Khawaja Nazimuddin?
    A: Malik Ghulam Muhammad.
  4. Q: Malik Ghulam Muhammad served as Governor-General during?
    A: 1951–1955.
  5. Q: Who was Pakistan’s last Governor-General?
    A: Iskander Mirza.
  6. Q: Iskander Mirza served as Governor-General during?
    A: 1955–1956.
  7. Q: Who became Pakistan’s first President?
    A: Iskander Mirza.

Prime Ministers

  1. Q: Who became Prime Minister after Liaquat Ali Khan?
    A: Khawaja Nazimuddin.
  2. Q: Khawaja Nazimuddin served as Prime Minister during?
    A: 1951–1953.
  3. Q: Who became Prime Minister in 1953?
    A: Muhammad Ali Bogra.
  4. Q: Muhammad Ali Bogra served as Prime Minister during?
    A: 1953–1955.
  5. Q: Who became Prime Minister in 1955?
    A: Chaudhry Muhammad Ali.
  6. Q: Chaudhry Muhammad Ali served as Prime Minister during?
    A: 1955–1956.
  7. Q: Who became Prime Minister in 1956?
    A: Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy.
  8. Q: Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy served as Prime Minister during?
    A: 1956–1957.

Economic Development

  1. Q: When was Pakistan’s First Five-Year Plan launched?
    A: 1955–1960.
  2. Q: What was the main objective of the First Five-Year Plan?
    A: Economic development and infrastructure.

Constitution of 1956

  1. Q: When was Pakistan’s first constitution enforced?
    A: 23 March 1956.
  2. Q: Which Assembly passed the 1956 Constitution?
    A: Second Constituent Assembly.
  3. Q: How many Articles did the 1956 Constitution contain?
    A: 234.
  4. Q: Into how many Parts was the 1956 Constitution divided?
    A: 13 Parts.
  5. Q: How many Schedules did the 1956 Constitution contain?
    A: 6.
  6. Q: What was Pakistan officially named under the 1956 Constitution?
    A: Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
  7. Q: Under the 1956 Constitution, the President had to be?
    A: A Muslim.
  8. Q: Which religion became the basis of state policy?
    A: Islam.
  9. Q: Which educational system became compulsory?
    A: Islamic education.
  10. Q: What type of laws could not be enacted?
    A: Laws against Islam.
  11. Q: Which Islamic institutions received constitutional support?
    A: Zakat, Wakf, and Mosques.
  12. Q: Which constitutional principle was reaffirmed?
    A: Sovereignty of Allah.
  13. Q: Which institution remained independent under the Constitution?
    A: Judiciary.
  14. Q: Which citizens received constitutional protection?
    A: Religious minorities.

Ayub Khan Era (1958–1969)

  1. Q: Who imposed Martial Law in 1958?
    A: General Muhammad Ayub Khan.
  2. Q: Which Constitution was abolished in 1958?
    A: Constitution of 1956.
  3. Q: Which Constitution was introduced by Ayub Khan?
    A: Constitution of 1962.
  4. Q: Which form of government was introduced in 1962?
    A: Presidential System.
  5. Q: Which system elected the President under the 1962 Constitution?
    A: Basic Democracies System.
  6. Q: How many Basic Democrats formed the electoral college?
    A: 80,000.
  7. Q: What type of Parliament existed under the 1962 Constitution?
    A: Unicameral.
  8. Q: Which two courts formed Pakistan’s superior judiciary?
    A: Supreme Court and High Courts.
  9. Q: Which Islamic body was established under the 1962 Constitution?
    A: Council of Islamic Ideology.

Agricultural Reforms

  1. Q: What was the maximum irrigated land ownership under Ayub’s reforms?
    A: 500 acres.
  2. Q: What was the maximum unirrigated land ownership?
    A: 1,000 acres.
  3. Q: What happened to surplus land?
    A: Distributed among landless farmers.
  4. Q: Which agricultural revolution occurred during Ayub Khan’s rule?
    A: Green Revolution.
  5. Q: What modern farming methods were introduced during the Green Revolution?
    A: High-yield seeds, fertilizers, and tubewells.

Economic Reforms

  1. Q: Which slogan described Pakistan’s rapid economic growth during Ayub Khan’s rule?
    A: Decade of Development.
  2. Q: Which sector expanded rapidly during Ayub’s rule?
    A: Manufacturing sector.

Social Reforms

  1. Q: Which important family law was introduced in 1961?
    A: Muslim Family Laws Ordinance.
  2. Q: Which social practice was restricted by the 1961 Ordinance?
    A: Polygamy.
  3. Q: What became compulsory under the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance?
    A: Registration of marriages and divorces.

Presidential Election 1965

  1. Q: When was the 1965 Presidential Election held?
    A: 2 January 1965.
  2. Q: Which electoral system was used in the 1965 election?
    A: Basic Democracies System.
  3. Q: Who contested against Ayub Khan?
    A: Miss Fatima Jinnah.
  4. Q: What title is given to Fatima Jinnah?
    A: Madar-e-Millat.
  5. Q: Which political alliance supported Fatima Jinnah?
    A: Combined Opposition Parties (COP).
  6. Q: Which political party supported Ayub Khan?
    A: Convention Muslim League.
  7. Q: Who won the 1965 Presidential Election?
    A: Ayub Khan.

Indo-Pak War 1965

  1. Q: The 1965 Indo-Pak War was mainly fought over?
    A: Kashmir.
  2. Q: Approximately how many days did the 1965 War last?
    A: 17 days.
  3. Q: Which organization arranged the ceasefire?
    A: United Nations (UN).
  4. Q: Which agreement ended the 1965 War?
    A: Tashkent Declaration.
  5. Q: On what date was the Tashkent Declaration signed?
    A: 10 January 1966.
  6. Q: Which country mediated the Tashkent Agreement?
    A: Soviet Union.
  7. Q: Which Indian Prime Minister signed the Tashkent Declaration?
    A: Lal Bahadur Shastri.
  8. Q: Which Pakistani President signed the Tashkent Declaration?
    A: Ayub Khan.
  9. Q: Which political leader opposed the Tashkent Agreement?
    A: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
  10. Q: Which political party did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto establish?
    A: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
  11. Q: On what date did Ayub Khan resign?
    A: 25 March 1969.

Yahya Khan Era (1969–1971)

  1. Q: Who assumed power after Ayub Khan?
    A: General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan.
  2. Q: When did Yahya Khan impose Martial Law?
    A: 26 March 1969.
  3. Q: Which Constitution did Yahya Khan abolish?
    A: Constitution of 1962.
  4. Q: Which constitutional order did Yahya Khan issue in 1970?
    A: Legal Framework Order (LFO).
  5. Q: Which administrative scheme was abolished under the LFO?
    A: One Unit Scheme.
  6. Q: Which provinces were restored under the LFO?
    A: Original provinces of West Pakistan.

General Elections 1970

  1. Q: When were Pakistan’s first general elections held on adult franchise?
    A: 1970.
  2. Q: Which principle governed the 1970 elections?
    A: One Man, One Vote.
  3. Q: Which party won the majority in East Pakistan?
    A: Awami League.
  4. Q: Who led the Awami League?
    A: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
  5. Q: Which party won the majority in West Pakistan?
    A: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
  6. Q: Who led the Pakistan Peoples Party?
    A: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
  7. Q: What was the major cause of the political deadlock after the 1970 election?
    A: Failure to transfer power to the Awami League.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s Six Points

  1. Q: Who presented the Six-Point Programme?
    A: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
  2. Q: The Six Points demanded what type of government?
    A: Federal Parliamentary System.
  3. Q: Which two subjects were to remain with the Federal Government?
    A: Defence and Foreign Affairs.
  4. Q: The Six Points demanded control over taxation by whom?
    A: Provincial Governments.
  5. Q: What did the Six Points propose regarding foreign exchange?
    A: Separate accounts for each wing.
  6. Q: What did the Sixth Point demand?
    A: Provincial militia/paramilitary force.

War of 1971

  1. Q: Which armed group fought against Pakistan in East Pakistan?
    A: Mukti Bahini.
  2. Q: Which country supported Mukti Bahini?
    A: India.
  3. Q: Which Indian intelligence agency supported the insurgency?
    A: RAW (Research and Analysis Wing).
  4. Q: In which month did the Indo-Pak War of 1971 begin?
    A: December 1971.
  5. Q: What was the result of the 1971 War?
    A: Separation of East Pakistan.
  6. Q: Which new country emerged after the 1971 War?
    A: Bangladesh.

Quick Timeline (1949–1971)

  • 12 Mar 1949 — Objectives Resolution passed.
  • 1955–1960 — First Five-Year Plan.
  • 23 Mar 1956 — First Constitution enforced.
  • 1958 — Ayub Khan imposed Martial Law.
  • 1961 — Muslim Family Laws Ordinance.
  • 1962 — Constitution of 1962 enforced.
  • 2 Jan 1965 — Presidential Election.
  • Sep 1965 — Indo-Pak War.
  • 10 Jan 1966 — Tashkent Declaration.
  • 25 Mar 1969 — Ayub Khan resigned.
  • 26 Mar 1969 — Yahya Khan imposed Martial Law.
  • 1970 — Legal Framework Order (LFO).
  • 1970 — First General Elections (One Man, One Vote).
  • Dec 1971 — Indo-Pak War and creation of Bangladesh.

1971 – Causes of the Fall of Dhaka / Separation of East Pakistan

  1. Q: Which event resulted in the separation of East Pakistan?
    A: Indo-Pak War of 1971.
  2. Q: Which new country emerged after the separation of East Pakistan?
    A: Bangladesh.
  3. Q: Approximately how many Pakistani Prisoners of War (POWs) were captured after the 1971 war?
    A: About 93,000.
  4. Q: Which country captured around 93,000 Pakistani POWs?
    A: India.
  5. Q: Approximately how much Indian territory separated East and West Pakistan?
    A: Over 1,000 miles.
  6. Q: Which language issue created political tension between East and West Pakistan?
    A: Bengali Language Issue.
  7. Q: Which election’s outcome was not peacefully implemented, leading to political crisis?
    A: General Elections of 1970.
  8. Q: Which neighboring country directly supported the separation of East Pakistan?
    A: India.
  9. Q: Which armed organization fought against Pakistan in East Pakistan?
    A: Mukti Bahini.
  10. Q: Which military operation was launched on 25 March 1971?
    A: Operation Searchlight.
  11. Q: On what date was Operation Searchlight launched?
    A: 25 March 1971.
  12. Q: Which economic issue increased resentment in East Pakistan?
    A: Unequal distribution of resources.
  13. Q: Which administrative issue contributed to East Pakistan’s separation?
    A: Lack of Bengali representation in administration.
  14. Q: Which major factor made administration between the two wings difficult?
    A: Geographical distance.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Era (1971–1977)

  1. Q: When did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto assume power?
    A: 20 December 1971.
  2. Q: Who became Pakistan’s first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator?
    A: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
  3. Q: Bhutto served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until?
    A: 20 April 1972.
  4. Q: Which economic ideology was promoted by Bhutto?
    A: Islamic Socialism.

Nationalization Policy

  1. Q: In which year was the Industrial Nationalization Policy introduced?
    A: 1972.
  2. Q: Which major sector was nationalized under the Industrial Policy of 1972?
    A: Heavy industries.
  3. Q: Which metal industry was nationalized in 1972?
    A: Iron and Steel Industry.
  4. Q: Which engineering sector came under government control?
    A: Heavy Engineering.
  5. Q: Which vehicle manufacturing sector was nationalized?
    A: Automobile Industry.
  6. Q: Which agricultural machinery industry was nationalized?
    A: Tractor Assembly Plants.
  7. Q: Which energy industries were nationalized?
    A: Oil Refineries, Chemicals, and Gas.

Insurance & Banking

  1. Q: On what date was Life Insurance nationalized?
    A: 19 March 1972.
  2. Q: Which corporation was established after nationalizing Life Insurance?
    A: State Life Insurance Corporation.
  3. Q: On what date were commercial banks nationalized?
    A: 1 January 1974.
  4. Q: Which institution supervised Pakistan’s banking system after nationalization?
    A: State Bank of Pakistan.

Public Welfare

  1. Q: Which financial assistance was introduced for consumers?
    A: Consumer Subsidies.
  2. Q: Which system was standardized under Bhutto’s reforms?
    A: Weights and Measures.
  3. Q: Which educational benefit was provided to poor students?
    A: Fee exemptions.
  4. Q: Which benefit was introduced for industrial workers?
    A: Regular pensions.

Agricultural Reforms

  1. Q: On what date were Bhutto’s Agricultural Reforms announced?
    A: 1 March 1972.
  2. Q: What was the maximum irrigated land ownership under Bhutto?
    A: 150 acres.
  3. Q: What was the maximum unirrigated land ownership under Bhutto?
    A: 300 acres.
  4. Q: Which group received greater legal protection under Bhutto’s land reforms?
    A: Tenant Farmers.
  5. Q: Who became responsible for land revenue under Bhutto’s reforms?
    A: Landowners.
  6. Q: Which agricultural inputs were subsidized?
    A: Seeds, fertilizers, and tractors.

Labour Reforms

  1. Q: Which government introduced Pakistan’s first comprehensive labour laws?
    A: Bhutto Government.
  2. Q: Which benefit became compulsory for workplace injuries?
    A: Compensation.
  3. Q: Which retirement benefit was introduced for workers?
    A: Old-age Pension.
  4. Q: Which insurance benefit was introduced for workers?
    A: Group Insurance.

Simla Agreement (1972)

  1. Q: On what date was the Simla Agreement signed?
    A: 2 July 1972.
  2. Q: Where was the Simla Agreement signed?
    A: Simla (Shimla), India.
  3. Q: Which Pakistani leader signed the Simla Agreement?
    A: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
  4. Q: Which Indian Prime Minister signed the Simla Agreement?
    A: Indira Gandhi.
  5. Q: Which international organization’s principles were recognized in the Simla Agreement?
    A: United Nations Charter.
  6. Q: Which principle required disputes to be settled through direct talks?
    A: Bilateralism.
  7. Q: Which principle prohibited interference in each other’s internal affairs?
    A: Respect for Sovereignty.
  8. Q: Which method of resolving disputes was accepted?
    A: Peaceful Negotiation.
  9. Q: Which communication services were restored under the Simla Agreement?
    A: Postal, Telegraphic, Sea, and Air Links.
  10. Q: Which economic activity was promoted after the Simla Agreement?
    A: Trade.
  11. Q: Which cultural activity was encouraged under the Agreement?
    A: Cultural Exchange.
  12. Q: What did both countries agree regarding military forces?
    A: Withdrawal to international borders.
  13. Q: What name was given to the Kashmir ceasefire line after the Simla Agreement?
    A: Line of Control (LoC).
  14. Q: Which date’s ceasefire line became the Line of Control?
    A: 17 December 1971.

Constitution of 1973

  1. Q: On what date was Pakistan’s 1973 Constitution enforced?
    A: 14 August 1973.
  2. Q: Which Constitution is Pakistan’s present Constitution?
    A: Constitution of 1973.
  3. Q: Which Assembly unanimously passed the 1973 Constitution?
    A: National Assembly.
  4. Q: Which system of government was introduced by the 1973 Constitution?
    A: Parliamentary System.
  5. Q: Who is the Chief Executive under the 1973 Constitution?
    A: Prime Minister.
  6. Q: Who is the ceremonial Head of State under the 1973 Constitution?
    A: President.
  7. Q: Which type of Parliament was introduced in 1973?
    A: Bicameral Legislature.
  8. Q: Which two Houses constitute Pakistan’s Parliament?
    A: National Assembly and Senate.
  9. Q: Which House represents the population?
    A: National Assembly.
  10. Q: Which House provides equal representation to provinces?
    A: Senate.
  11. Q: Which religion was declared the State Religion under the 1973 Constitution?
    A: Islam.
  12. Q: What is Pakistan’s official constitutional name?
    A: Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
  13. Q: Which constitutional body reviews laws according to Islam?
    A: Council of Islamic Ideology.
  14. Q: Which Islamic sources guide the Council of Islamic Ideology?
    A: Holy Quran and Sunnah.
  15. Q: How many provinces form Pakistan’s federal structure under the 1973 Constitution?
    A: Four Provinces.
  16. Q: What majority is required to amend the 1973 Constitution?
    A: Two-thirds majority.
  17. Q: In which two Houses must a constitutional amendment receive a two-thirds majority?
    A: National Assembly and Senate.

Quick Timeline (1971–1973)

  • 20 Dec 1971 — Zulfikar Ali Bhutto assumed power.
  • 25 Mar 1971 — Operation Searchlight launched in East Pakistan.
  • 1971 — Separation of East Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh.
  • 1 Mar 1972 — Agricultural Reforms announced.
  • 19 Mar 1972 — Life Insurance nationalized.
  • 2 Jul 1972 — Simla Agreement signed.
  • 1972 — Industrial Nationalization Policy introduced.
  • 14 Aug 1973 — Constitution of 1973 enforced.
  • 1 Jan 1974 — Commercial Banks nationalized.

Bhutto Government (1973–1977)

Political Developments

  1. Q: During which years was the Balochistan Operation conducted?
    A: 1973–1977.
  2. Q: Why was the Balochistan Operation launched?
    A: After the dismissal of the Balochistan provincial government.
  3. Q: Which major Islamic conference was hosted by Pakistan in 1974?
    A: Second OIC Summit.
  4. Q: When was the Second OIC Summit held?
    A: 22–24 February 1974.
  5. Q: In which city was the Second OIC Summit held?
    A: Lahore.
  6. Q: Which important strategic program was initiated during Bhutto’s government?
    A: Pakistan’s Nuclear Program.
  7. Q: Which Pakistani leader is known as the founder of Pakistan’s nuclear programme?
    A: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

General Elections 1977

  1. Q: On what date were the 1977 General Elections held?
    A: 7 March 1977.
  2. Q: Which party was led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto?
    A: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
  3. Q: What does PNA stand for?
    A: Pakistan National Alliance.
  4. Q: How many political parties formed the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA)?
    A: Nine.
  5. Q: Which movement was launched after the 1977 election allegations?
    A: Nizam-e-Mustafa Movement.
  6. Q: Why was the Nizam-e-Mustafa Movement launched?
    A: Alleged rigging in the 1977 elections.
  7. Q: What were the main demands of the PNA?
    A: Enforcement of Nizam-e-Mustafa and Bhutto’s resignation.
  8. Q: Which military operation overthrew Bhutto’s government?
    A: Operation Fair Play.
  9. Q: On what date was Operation Fair Play launched?
    A: 5 July 1977.
  10. Q: Who imposed Martial Law on 5 July 1977?
    A: General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.

General Zia-ul-Haq Era (1977–1988)

Political Developments

  1. Q: During which years did General Zia-ul-Haq rule Pakistan?
    A: 1977–1988.
  2. Q: How many days did Zia initially promise before holding elections?
    A: 90 days.
  3. Q: Were political parties allowed during the early Zia period?
    A: No.
  4. Q: Which Prime Minister was tried and sentenced to death during Zia’s rule?
    A: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
  5. Q: In which year did the Lahore High Court sentence Bhutto to death?
    A: 1978.
  6. Q: Which court upheld Bhutto’s death sentence?
    A: Supreme Court of Pakistan.
  7. Q: What does PCO stand for?
    A: Provisional Constitutional Order.
  8. Q: In which year was the Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) issued?
    A: 1981.
  9. Q: Which institution’s powers were restricted under the PCO?
    A: Judiciary.
  10. Q: When was Zia-ul-Haq’s Presidential Referendum held?
    A: 19 December 1984.
  11. Q: How many years did the 1984 referendum extend Zia’s presidency?
    A: Five years.
  12. Q: When were the Non-Party Elections held?
    A: 25 & 28 February 1985.
  13. Q: Were political parties allowed in the 1985 elections?
    A: No.
  14. Q: When was Martial Law officially lifted?
    A: 30 December 1985.
  15. Q: Which Constitutional Amendment ended Martial Law?
    A: Eighth Amendment.
  16. Q: Which Article gave the President power to dissolve the National Assembly?
    A: Article 58(2)(b).
  17. Q: On what date did General Zia-ul-Haq die?
    A: 17 August 1988.
  18. Q: Where did Zia-ul-Haq’s plane crash occur?
    A: Near Bahawalpur.
  19. Q: Which aircraft crashed in 1988 carrying General Zia?
    A: C-130 Hercules.

Islamization

  1. Q: When were the Hudood Ordinances introduced?
    A: 10 February 1979.
  2. Q: Which crimes were covered under the Hudood Ordinances?
    A: Theft, adultery, and alcohol consumption.
  3. Q: When was the Zakat and Ushr Ordinance introduced?
    A: 20 June 1980.
  4. Q: What percentage of Zakat was deducted from bank accounts?
    A: 2.5%.
  5. Q: Which court was established to examine laws according to Islam?
    A: Federal Shariat Court.
  6. Q: Which two subjects became compulsory in higher education?
    A: Pakistan Studies and Islamic Studies.
  7. Q: Which section of the Pakistan Penal Code relates to blasphemy against the Holy Prophet (PBUH)?
    A: Section 295-C.
  8. Q: Which ordinance prohibited eating and drinking publicly during Ramadan?
    A: Ehteram-e-Ramazan Ordinance.
  9. Q: In which year was the Ehteram-e-Ramazan Ordinance introduced?
    A: 1981.
  10. Q: Which institution was established in June 1981 to address public complaints?
    A: Wafaqi Mohtasib (Federal Ombudsman).
  11. Q: When was Majlis-e-Shura established?
    A: December 1981.
  12. Q: How many members were in the Majlis-e-Shura?
    A: 350.
  13. Q: Which banking system was introduced to eliminate interest (Riba)?
    A: Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS).

Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989)

  1. Q: In which month and year did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?
    A: December 1979.
  2. Q: Approximately how many Soviet troops entered Afghanistan?
    A: More than 100,000.
  3. Q: Which country became the frontline state during the Afghan War?
    A: Pakistan.
  4. Q: Approximately how many Afghan refugees entered Pakistan?
    A: Over 3 million.
  5. Q: Which Afghan resistance group received international support through Pakistan?
    A: Mujahideen.
  6. Q: When were the Geneva Accords signed?
    A: 14 April 1988.
  7. Q: Which four countries signed the Geneva Accords?
    A: Pakistan, Afghanistan, USA, and USSR.
  8. Q: By what date did Soviet troops completely withdraw from Afghanistan?
    A: 15 February 1989.

Muhammad Khan Junejo Government (1985–1988)

  1. Q: When did Muhammad Khan Junejo become Prime Minister?
    A: 20 March 1985.
  2. Q: Which development programme was introduced by Junejo?
    A: Five-Point Development Programme.
  3. Q: Which sectors were emphasized in Junejo’s programme?
    A: Literacy, rural electrification, clean water, and employment.
  4. Q: Which agreement created differences between Junejo and Zia?
    A: Geneva Accords.
  5. Q: Which disaster investigation caused tension between Junejo and Zia?
    A: Ojhri Camp Disaster.
  6. Q: On what date was Junejo’s government dismissed?
    A: 29 May 1988.
  7. Q: Under which Article was Junejo’s government dismissed?
    A: Article 58(2)(b).

Benazir Bhutto’s First Government (1988–1990)

  1. Q: When were party-based elections held after Zia’s death?
    A: 16 November 1988.
  2. Q: Which political party was led by Benazir Bhutto?
    A: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
  3. Q: Which alliance opposed the PPP in the 1988 elections?
    A: Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI).
  4. Q: On what date did Benazir Bhutto become Prime Minister?
    A: 2 December 1988.
  5. Q: Who became the first female Prime Minister of the Muslim world?
    A: Benazir Bhutto.
  6. Q: Which SAARC Summit was hosted by Pakistan in 1988?
    A: Fourth SAARC Summit.
  7. Q: When was the Fourth SAARC Summit held?
    A: 29–31 December 1988.
  8. Q: In which city was the Fourth SAARC Summit held?
    A: Islamabad.
  9. Q: Which Indian Prime Minister attended the 1988 SAARC Summit?
    A: Rajiv Gandhi.
  10. Q: Which agreement prohibited attacks on nuclear installations?
    A: Pakistan–India Nuclear Non-Aggression Agreement.
  11. Q: Which organizations were restored during Benazir’s first government?
    A: Student and Trade Unions.
  12. Q: Which state media organization received greater freedom?
    A: Pakistan Television (PTV).
  13. Q: Which provincial government frequently clashed with Benazir’s federal government?
    A: Punjab Government.
  14. Q: Who was the Chief Minister of Punjab during Benazir’s first government?
    A: Nawaz Sharif.
  15. Q: Which political party created tensions with the PPP in Karachi?
    A: MQM.
  16. Q: Which city was associated with the Pakka Qila incident?
    A: Hyderabad.
  17. Q: Which intelligence-related conspiracy attempted to topple Benazir’s government?
    A: Operation Midnight Jackal.
  18. Q: On what date was Benazir Bhutto’s first government dismissed?
    A: 6 August 1990.
  19. Q: Who dismissed Benazir Bhutto’s first government?
    A: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan.
  20. Q: Under which constitutional provision was Benazir’s government dismissed?
    A: Article 58(2)(b).

Quick Timeline (1974–1990)

  • 22–24 Feb 1974 — Second OIC Summit held in Lahore.
  • 7 Mar 1977 — General Elections.
  • 5 Jul 1977 — Operation Fair Play; Zia imposed Martial Law.
  • 10 Feb 1979 — Hudood Ordinances introduced.
  • Dec 1979 — Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
  • 20 Jun 1980 — Zakat and Ushr Ordinance.
  • Mar 1981 — Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO).
  • Jun 1981 — Wafaqi Mohtasib established.
  • Dec 1981 — Majlis-e-Shura established.
  • 19 Dec 1984 — Presidential Referendum.
  • 25 & 28 Feb 1985 — Non-Party Elections.
  • 20 Mar 1985 — Muhammad Khan Junejo became Prime Minister.
  • 30 Dec 1985 — Martial Law lifted.
  • 14 Apr 1988 — Geneva Accords signed.
  • 29 May 1988 — Junejo Government dismissed.
  • 17 Aug 1988 — Death of General Zia-ul-Haq.
  • 16 Nov 1988 — Party-based General Elections.
  • 2 Dec 1988 — Benazir Bhutto became Prime Minister.
  • 29–31 Dec 1988 — Fourth SAARC Summit in Islamabad.
  • 15 Feb 1989 — Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.
  • 6 Aug 1990 — Benazir Bhutto’s first government dismissed.

First Era of Nawaz Sharif (1990–1993)

  1. Q: When did Nawaz Sharif become Prime Minister for the first time?
    A: 1990.
  2. Q: Which office did Nawaz Sharif hold before becoming Prime Minister?
    A: Chief Minister of Punjab.
  3. Q: Which economic policy was introduced on 22 January 1991?
    A: Privatization and Liberalization Policy.
  4. Q: Which major road project was initiated during Nawaz Sharif’s first government?
    A: Motorway Project.
  5. Q: Which employment scheme was introduced to reduce unemployment?
    A: Yellow Cab Scheme.
  6. Q: Which welfare organization was established for poor families?
    A: Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal.
  7. Q: Which commission distributes financial resources among provinces?
    A: National Finance Commission (NFC).
  8. Q: Which authority was established in 1991 for water distribution?
    A: Indus River System Authority (IRSA).
  9. Q: In which year was IRSA established?
    A: 1991.
  10. Q: Which religious law was passed in 1991?
    A: Shariat Bill.
  11. Q: Which operation was launched to restore law and order in Karachi?
    A: Operation Blue Fox.
  12. Q: Which President dismissed Nawaz Sharif’s first government?
    A: Ghulam Ishaq Khan.
  13. Q: On what date was Nawaz Sharif’s first government dismissed?
    A: 18 April 1993.
  14. Q: Which institution restored Nawaz Sharif’s government?
    A: Supreme Court of Pakistan.
  15. Q: On what date did the Supreme Court restore Nawaz Sharif’s government?
    A: 27 May 1993.
  16. Q: On what date did both Nawaz Sharif and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan resign?
    A: 18 July 1993.
  17. Q: Who became caretaker Prime Minister after Nawaz Sharif’s resignation?
    A: Moeen Qureshi.
  18. Q: Who became Acting President after the resignations in July 1993?
    A: Waseem Sajjad.

Second Era of Benazir Bhutto (1993–1996)

  1. Q: When were the 1993 General Elections held?
    A: 19 October 1993.
  2. Q: Which party formed the federal government after the 1993 elections?
    A: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
  3. Q: Which sectors received special attention during Benazir’s second government?
    A: Women’s rights, education, and healthcare.
  4. Q: Which issue did Benazir highlight internationally?
    A: Kashmir Issue.
  5. Q: Which tax introduced in 1996 created public dissatisfaction?
    A: 10% Retail General Sales Tax (RGST).
  6. Q: Which city witnessed widespread political violence during Benazir’s second government?
    A: Karachi.
  7. Q: Which member of Benazir Bhutto’s family was killed in 1996?
    A: Mir Murtaza Bhutto.
  8. Q: Which President dismissed Benazir Bhutto’s second government?
    A: Farooq Leghari.
  9. Q: On what date was Benazir Bhutto’s second government dismissed?
    A: 5 November 1996.
  10. Q: Under which Article was Benazir’s second government dismissed?
    A: Article 58(2)(b).

Second Era of Nawaz Sharif (1997–1999)

  1. Q: When were the 1997 General Elections held?
    A: 17 February 1997.
  2. Q: Which Constitutional Amendment removed the President’s power to dissolve the National Assembly?
    A: 13th Amendment.
  3. Q: Which Constitutional Amendment prohibited floor crossing?
    A: 14th Amendment.
  4. Q: On what date did Pakistan conduct its nuclear tests?
    A: 28 May 1998.
  5. Q: Where were Pakistan’s nuclear tests conducted?
    A: Chagai, Balochistan.
  6. Q: How many nuclear devices did Pakistan test on 28 May 1998?
    A: Five.
  7. Q: Which declaration was signed during Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s visit to Pakistan?
    A: Lahore Declaration.
  8. Q: On what date was the Lahore Declaration signed?
    A: 21 February 1999.
  9. Q: Who was the Indian Prime Minister during the Lahore Declaration?
    A: Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  10. Q: Which Chief Justice served during Nawaz Sharif’s second government?
    A: Sajjad Ali Shah.
  11. Q: Who became President during Nawaz Sharif’s second government?
    A: Muhammad Rafiq Tarar.
  12. Q: On what date was Governor’s Rule imposed in Sindh?
    A: 30 October 1998.
  13. Q: Which dam project faced strong provincial opposition?
    A: Kalabagh Dam.
  14. Q: Which Army Chief resigned after differences with Nawaz Sharif?
    A: General Jehangir Karamat.
  15. Q: Which military conflict damaged civil-military relations in 1999?
    A: Kargil War.
  16. Q: During which months was the Kargil War fought?
    A: May–July 1999.
  17. Q: Which declaration followed the Kargil War?
    A: Washington Declaration.
  18. Q: On what date did General Pervez Musharraf take power?
    A: 12 October 1999.
  19. Q: Which military operation removed Nawaz Sharif from power in 1999?
    A: Military Coup led by General Pervez Musharraf.

General Pervez Musharraf Era (1999–2008)

  1. Q: What title did Pervez Musharraf initially assume after the coup?
    A: Chief Executive.
  2. Q: On what date did Musharraf become President?
    A: 20 June 2001.
  3. Q: Which institution prepared the Local Government reforms?
    A: National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB).
  4. Q: Which Local Government system was introduced in 2001?
    A: Three-tier Local Government System.
  5. Q: What are the three tiers of Local Government?
    A: Union Council, Tehsil, and District.
  6. Q: Which international event changed Pakistan’s foreign policy in 2001?
    A: September 11 (9/11) Attacks.
  7. Q: Which global campaign did Pakistan join after 9/11?
    A: War on Terror.
  8. Q: When was the Agra Summit held?
    A: 14–16 July 2001.
  9. Q: Which Indian Prime Minister attended the Agra Summit?
    A: Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  10. Q: Which national institution issues computerized identity cards?
    A: NADRA.
  11. Q: On what date was Musharraf’s referendum held?
    A: 30 April 2002.
  12. Q: Which political party formed the government after the 2002 elections?
    A: PML-Q.
  13. Q: Which Constitutional Amendment strengthened Musharraf’s presidency?
    A: 17th Amendment.
  14. Q: In which year was the 17th Amendment passed?
    A: 2003.
  15. Q: Which military operation took place in Islamabad in July 2007?
    A: Lal Masjid Operation.
  16. Q: Which Chief Justice was suspended in March 2007?
    A: Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry.
  17. Q: Which nationwide movement emerged after the suspension of the Chief Justice?
    A: Lawyers’ Movement.
  18. Q: On what date did Musharraf declare Emergency?
    A: 3 November 2007.
  19. Q: On what date was Benazir Bhutto assassinated?
    A: 27 December 2007.
  20. Q: In which city was Benazir Bhutto assassinated?
    A: Rawalpindi.
  21. Q: On what date did Pervez Musharraf resign?
    A: 18 August 2008.

PPP Government (2008–2013)

  1. Q: Which political party formed the government after the 2008 elections?
    A: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
  2. Q: Who became Prime Minister in 2008?
    A: Yousaf Raza Gillani.
  3. Q: Who became the 11th President of Pakistan?
    A: Asif Ali Zardari.
  4. Q: Which Constitutional Amendment restored parliamentary democracy?
    A: 18th Amendment.
  5. Q: In which year was the 18th Amendment passed?
    A: 2010.
  6. Q: Which Article was effectively removed through the 18th Amendment?
    A: Article 58(2)(b).
  7. Q: Which Prime Minister was disqualified by the Supreme Court in 2012?
    A: Yousaf Raza Gillani.
  8. Q: On what charge was Gillani disqualified?
    A: Contempt of Court.
  9. Q: Who became Prime Minister after Gillani?
    A: Raja Pervez Ashraf.

Third Era of Nawaz Sharif (2013–2018)

  1. Q: When did Nawaz Sharif become Prime Minister for the third time?
    A: 2013.
  2. Q: What does CPEC stand for?
    A: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
  3. Q: Which country partnered with Pakistan in CPEC?
    A: China.
  4. Q: Which military operation began in June 2014?
    A: Operation Zarb-e-Azb.
  5. Q: In which region was Operation Zarb-e-Azb launched?
    A: North Waziristan.
  6. Q: Which tragic incident preceded Operation Zarb-e-Azb according to these notes?
    A: APS Attack.
  7. Q: Which political party organized the 126-day Dharna?
    A: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
  8. Q: Who led the 126-day Dharna?
    A: Imran Khan.
  9. Q: Which international financial leak affected Nawaz Sharif?
    A: Panama Papers.
  10. Q: On what date was Nawaz Sharif disqualified by the Supreme Court?
    A: 28 July 2017.
  11. Q: Who became Prime Minister after Nawaz Sharif’s disqualification?
    A: Shahid Khaqan Abbasi.

Imran Khan Government (2018–2022)

  1. Q: Which political party formed the government in 2018?
    A: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
  2. Q: Who became Prime Minister after the 2018 General Elections?
    A: Imran Khan.
  3. Q: Which anti-poverty programme was launched by Imran Khan’s government?
    A: Ehsaas Programme.
  4. Q: Which youth financing initiative was launched by the PTI government?
    A: Kamyab Jawan Programme.
  5. Q: Which health initiative provided health insurance to citizens?
    A: Sehat Insaf Card.
  6. Q: Which environmental campaign was launched during Imran Khan’s government?
    A: Ten Billion Tree Tsunami.
  7. Q: Which international financial institution supported Pakistan’s stabilization programme?
    A: International Monetary Fund (IMF).
  8. Q: Which international organization monitored Pakistan’s anti-money laundering reforms?
    A: Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Quick Timeline (1990–2022)

  • 1990 — Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister (1st term).
  • 22 Jan 1991 — Privatization Policy launched.
  • 1991 — IRSA established.
  • 18 Apr 1993 — Nawaz Government dismissed.
  • 27 May 1993 — Supreme Court restored Nawaz Government.
  • 18 Jul 1993 — Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Ishaq Khan resigned.
  • 19 Oct 1993 — Benazir Bhutto returned to power.
  • 5 Nov 1996 — Benazir’s second government dismissed.
  • 17 Feb 1997 — Nawaz Sharif won second term.
  • 28 May 1998 — Chagai Nuclear Tests.
  • 21 Feb 1999 — Lahore Declaration.
  • May–Jul 1999 — Kargil War.
  • 12 Oct 1999 — Pervez Musharraf’s military coup.
  • 20 Jun 2001 — Musharraf became President.
  • 14–16 Jul 2001 — Agra Summit.
  • 30 Apr 2002 — Presidential Referendum.
  • 2003 — 17th Constitutional Amendment.
  • Jul 2007 — Lal Masjid Operation.
  • 3 Nov 2007 — Emergency imposed.
  • 27 Dec 2007 — Assassination of Benazir Bhutto.
  • 18 Aug 2008 — Musharraf resigned.
  • 2010 — 18th Constitutional Amendment.
  • 2012 — Gillani disqualified.
  • 2013 — Nawaz Sharif’s third term began.
  • Jun 2014 — Operation Zarb-e-Azb.
  • 28 Jul 2017 — Nawaz Sharif disqualified.
  • 2018 — Imran Khan became Prime Minister.
  • 2018–2022 — Ehsaas Programme, Sehat Insaf Card, Kamyab Jawan, Ten Billion Tree Tsunami, IMF stabilization programme, and FATF reforms.

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