Core Pillars (The Foundation):

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1. Salah (Prayer)

  1. Prayer (Salah) became obligatory on Muslims on the occasion of:
  • A) Hijrah
  • B) Battle of Badr
  • C) Shaab-e-Miraj
  • D) Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
    Answer: C) Shaab-e-Miraj
  1. Namaz is the ______ pillar of Islam.
  • A) First
  • B) Second
  • C) Third
  • D) Fourth
    Answer: B) Second
  1. Total Farz prayers in a day are:
  • A) 3
  • B) 4
  • C) 5
  • D) 7
    Answer: C) 5
  1. Total Farz Rak‘ats in five daily prayers are:
  • A) 12
  • B) 15
  • C) 17
  • D) 20
    Answer: C) 17
  1. The first mosque in Islam was:
  • A) Masjid-e-Nabvi
  • B) Masjid-e-Quba
  • C) Masjid-e-Aqsa
  • D) Masjid-e-Haram
    Answer: B) Masjid-e-Quba
  1. Funeral prayer is called:
  • A) Namaz-e-Istisqa
  • B) Namaz-e-Kusoof
  • C) Salat-ul-Janazah
  • D) Tahajjud
    Answer: C) Salat-ul-Janazah
  1. Namaz-e-Janazah is:
  • A) Farz-e-Ain
  • B) Sunnah
  • C) Wajib
  • D) Farz-e-Kifayah
    Answer: D) Farz-e-Kifayah
  1. Witr prayer is:
  • A) Farz
  • B) Sunnah
  • C) Nafl
  • D) Wajib
    Answer: D) Wajib
  1. Eid prayers are:
  • A) Sunnah
  • B) Nafl
  • C) Wajib
  • D) Farz
    Answer: C) Wajib
  1. Total Eid prayers in a year are:
  • A) 1
  • B) 2
  • C) 3
  • D) 4
    Answer: B) 2
  1. Tahajjud prayer is offered:
  • A) Before Maghrib
  • B) After Fajr
  • C) After sleeping at night
  • D) At sunrise
    Answer: C) After sleeping at night
  1. The prayer offered for rain is:
  • A) Kusoof
  • B) Khusoof
  • C) Istisqa
  • D) Janazah
    Answer: C) Istisqa
  1. Namaz-e-Kusoof is offered during:
  • A) Lunar eclipse
  • B) Solar eclipse
  • C) Rain
  • D) Earthquake
    Answer: B) Solar eclipse
  1. Namaz-e-Khusoof is offered during:
  • A) Solar eclipse
  • B) Lunar eclipse
  • C) Heavy rain
  • D) War
    Answer: B) Lunar eclipse
  1. Jumu‘ah prayer is:
  • A) Sunnah
  • B) Nafl
  • C) Wajib
  • D) Farz
    Answer: D) Farz
  1. Minimum persons required for Jama‘at are:
  • A) 1
  • B) 2
  • C) 3
  • D) 4
    Answer: B) 2
  1. A person who leads the prayer is called:
  • A) Muazzin
  • B) Khateeb
  • C) Imam
  • D) Hafiz
    Answer: C) Imam
  1. A person who offers prayer alone is called:
  • A) Muqtadi
  • B) Munfarid
  • C) Imam
  • D) Hafiz
    Answer: B) Munfarid
  1. Sajda Sahw becomes necessary when:
  • A) A Farz is missed
  • B) A Wajib is missed
  • C) Sunnah is missed
  • D) Nafl is missed
    Answer: B) A Wajib is missed
  1. Qa‘dah Akhirah in prayer is:
  • A) Sunnah
  • B) Nafl
  • C) Wajib
  • D) Farz
    Answer: D) Farz
  1. Jalsa in Salah means:
  • A) Standing
  • B) Bowing
  • C) Short sitting between سجود
  • D) Final Salam
    Answer: C) Short sitting between سجود
  1. Qaumah in prayer means:
  • A) Sitting posture
  • B) Standing after Ruku
  • C) Sajdah
  • D) Final sitting
    Answer: B) Standing after Ruku
  1. Total Farz acts in Wudu are:
  • A) 2
  • B) 3
  • C) 4
  • D) 5
    Answer: C) 4
  1. Total Farz acts in Ghusl are:
  • A) 2
  • B) 3
  • C) 4
  • D) 5
    Answer: B) 3
  1. The difference between a believer and a disbeliever is:
  • A) Fasting
  • B) Zakat
  • C) Hajj
  • D) Salah
    Answer: D) Salah
  1. Eid prayer was made obligatory in:
  • A) 1 Hijri
  • B) 2 Hijri
  • C) 5 Hijri
  • D) 8 Hijri
    Answer: B) 2 Hijri
  1. The Prophet (PBUH) offered the first Eid prayer in:
  • A) 1 AH
  • B) 2 AH
  • C) 3 AH
  • D) 4 AH
    Answer: B) 2 AH
  1. Fajr and Isha prayers were emphasized especially in:
  • A) Early Islamic period
  • B) Battle period
  • C) Makkan boycott
  • D) Abbasid era
    Answer: A) Early Islamic period
  1. Tahajjud literally means:
  • A) Night worship
  • B) Abandoning sleep
  • C) Morning prayer
  • D) Recitation
    Answer: B) Abandoning sleep
  1. Conditions of Salah are:
  • A) 5
  • B) 6
  • C) 7
  • D) 9
    Answer: C) 7

Importance

  • Second Pillar of Islam.
  • Made obligatory during the event of Miraj.

Conditions of Salah (Shara’it)

  1. Purity of body
  2. Purity of clothes
  3. Purity of place
  4. Covering of Satr
  5. Facing Qiblah
  6. Correct time
  7. Intention (Niyyah)

Arkan (Pillars) of Salah

  1. Takbir-e-Tahrimah
  2. Qiyam
  3. Ruku
  4. Qaumah
  5. Sajdah
  6. Jalsah
  7. Qa’dah

Special Prayers

Kusoof

Prayer during Solar Eclipse.

Khusoof

Prayer during Lunar Eclipse.

Istisqa

Prayer for rain.

Salat-ul-Khauf

Prayer during fear or war.

Eid Prayer

  • Wajib according to Hanafi school.
  • Includes six additional Takbirs.

Janazah Prayer

  • Farz-e-Kifayah.

Taraweeh

  • Sunnah Muakkadah during Ramadan.

Tahajjud

  • Voluntary night prayer after sleep.

Wudu (Ablution)

Four Farz of Wudu

  1. Washing the face
  2. Washing both arms including elbows
  3. Masah of head
  4. Washing both feet including ankles

Ghusl

Three Farz of Ghusl

  1. Gargling mouth
  2. Washing nose
  3. Washing entire body

Important Facts about Salah

  • First Jumu’ah prayer was offered after Hijrah.
  • First Eid prayer was offered in 2 AH.
  • Pre-Islamic name of Friday was Yaum-ul-Aruba.
  • Children should be instructed to pray at age 7 and disciplined for neglecting prayer at age 10.
  • Total Farz Rakats in daily prayers = 17.
  • Total Rakats commonly counted in daily prayers (including Sunnah and Witr) = 48.

Important Terms

  • Munfarid: One who prays alone.
  • Imam: Leader of congregational prayer.
  • Masbooq: One who joins prayer late.
  • Qasr: Shortening four-Rakat Farz prayers during travel.

2.Zakat

Introduction

  • Fourth Pillar of Islam.
  • Became obligatory in 2 AH.

Literal Meaning

  • Purification
  • Growth

Rate of Zakat

  • 2.5% on eligible wealth after one lunar year.

Nisab

Gold

  • 7.5 Tola (approximately 87.48 grams)

Silver

  • 52.5 Tola (approximately 612.36 grams)

Livestock

  • 5 Camels
  • 30 Cattle
  • 40 Goats/Sheep

Collection of Zakat

  • Hazrat Muadh ibn Jabal (RA) was sent to Yemen for collection and administration.

Hawl

  • Completion of one lunar year over Nisab wealth.

Zakat in Pakistan

  • Zakat and Ushr Ordinance promulgated in 1980.
  • Administered through the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Eligible Recipients

Mentioned in Surah At-Tawbah (9:60):

  1. Fuqara
  2. Masakeen
  3. Amileen
  4. Muallafat-ul-Quloob
  5. Riqab
  6. Gharimeen
  7. Fi Sabeelillah
  8. Ibn-us-Sabeel

Important Rule

  • Zakat cannot generally be used directly for mosque construction according to mainstream juristic opinion; it must be transferred to eligible recipients.

Ushr (Agricultural Tax)

Definition

Ushr is an Islamic levy imposed on agricultural produce.

Rates of Ushr

Naturally Irrigated Land

  • Irrigated by rain, rivers, springs, floods, etc.
  • Ushr Rate: 10% (1/10th) of total produce.

Artificially Irrigated Land

  • Irrigated through wells, tube wells, canals, pumps, etc.
  • Ushr Rate: 5% (1/20th) of total produce.

Nisab of Ushr

  • Ushr becomes obligatory when produce reaches 5 Wasq.
  • Equivalent to approximately 653 kg (varies slightly according to juristic calculations).

Masarif-e-Zakat (Eight Categories of Zakat Recipients)

Mentioned in Surah At-Tawbah (9:60).

  1. Fuqara (Poor)
  2. Masakeen (Needy)
  3. Amileen (Zakat Administrators)
  4. Muallafat-ul-Quloob (Those whose hearts are to be reconciled)
  5. Riqab (Freeing slaves/captives)
  6. Gharimeen (Debtors)
  7. Fi Sabeelillah (In the way of Allah)
  8. Ibn-us-Sabeel (Wayfarers/Travelers)

3. Saum (Fasting)

Definition

Saum literally means:

  • To abstain
  • To restrain oneself

Obligation

  • Fasting was made obligatory in 2 AH.
  • Commanded in Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 183.

Ramadan

Titles

  • Sayyid-us-Shuhoor (Leader of Months)

Three Ashras

  1. Ashra-e-Rehmat (Mercy)
  2. Ashra-e-Maghfirat (Forgiveness)
  3. Ashra-e-Nijaat (Salvation)

Types of Fast

Farz

  • Ramadan Fast

Wajib

  • Qaza Fast
  • Nazar (Vow)

Sunnah

  • Ashura Fast
  • Monday and Thursday Fasts

Nafl

  • Voluntary Fasts

Arkan (Pillars) of Fasting

  1. Niyyah (Intention)
  2. Abstaining from food and drink
  3. Abstaining from marital relations during fasting hours

Aitikaf

  • Observed during the last ten days of Ramadan.
  • Sunnah Muakkadah Ala-al-Kifayah.

Lailatul Qadr

  • Found in odd nights of the last ten nights of Ramadan.
  • Worship in this night is better than 1000 months.
  • Mentioned in Surah Al-Qadr.

Prohibited Days of Fasting

Fasting is prohibited on:

  1. Eid-ul-Fitr
  2. Eid-ul-Adha
  3. 11th Dhul-Hijjah
  4. 12th Dhul-Hijjah
  5. 13th Dhul-Hijjah

Kaffarah of Intentionally Breaking a Fast

  • Fast for 60 consecutive days
    OR
  • Feed 60 poor persons

4. Hajj

Definition

Hajj means:

  • To intend
  • To undertake a sacred journey

Obligation

  • Hajj became obligatory in 9 AH.
  • It is the Fifth Pillar of Islam.

Hajj of the Prophet (PBUH)

  • Performed only one Hajj.
  • Known as Hajjat-ul-Wida (Farewell Pilgrimage).
  • Performed in 10 AH.

Umrahs of the Prophet (PBUH)

  • Total Umrahs: 4

Important Parts of Kaaba

Hajr-e-Aswad

The Black Stone.

Multazim

Area between Kaaba’s door and Hajr-e-Aswad.

Hateem (Hajr Ismail)

Semi-circular area adjacent to Kaaba.

Meezab-e-Rehmat

Golden spout on Kaaba’s roof.

Shazarwan

Marble base around Kaaba.

Kiswa

Black covering of Kaaba.

Bait-ul-Mamoor

House of worship in the seventh heaven.

Four Corners of Kaaba

  1. Rukn-e-Aswad
  2. Rukn-e-Iraqi
  3. Rukn-e-Shami
  4. Rukn-e-Yemeni

Types of Hajj

Hajj-e-Ifrad

Only Hajj.

Hajj-e-Qiran

Hajj and Umrah with one Ihram.

Hajj-e-Tamattu

Umrah first, then Hajj with separate Ihram.

Three Faraiz of Hajj

  1. Ihram
  2. Wuquf-e-Arafat
  3. Tawaf-e-Ziyarah

Important Wajibat of Hajj

  • Sa’ee between Safa and Marwah
  • Stay at Muzdalifah
  • Rami al-Jamarat
  • Halq or Taqsir
  • Sacrifice (Hady)

Chronology of Hajj

8 Dhul-Hijjah

Youm-ut-Tarwiyah

  • Stay at Mina

9 Dhul-Hijjah

Youm-e-Arafah

  • Wuquf at Arafat
  • Sermon at Masjid Nimrah
  • Night stay at Muzdalifah

10 Dhul-Hijjah

Youm-un-Nahr

  • Rami
  • Sacrifice
  • Halq/Taqsir
  • Tawaf-e-Ziyarah

11-13 Dhul-Hijjah

  • Rami of all three Jamarat

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